Obstetrics And Gynecological Conditions with Answers and explanation
Obstetrics And Gynecological Conditions with Answers and explanation
1. Which is possible complication of amniocentesis?
Answer. RH sensitization, Needle injury, Miscarriage
Explanation.
Amniocentesis is a procedure performed during pregnancy for therapeutic purposes and diagnostic.
There are several risks to amniocentesis which includes miscarriage, needle injury, infection and RH sensitization. The rate of miscarriage Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions with Answers and Explanation due to amniocentesis is between 1 in 300 and 1 in 500. The other complications listed are relatively rare.
2. How is Fundal height of a pregnant woman is measured?
Answer: The top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus
Explanation: Fundal height which is also referred to as McDonald’s rule is measured in centimeters from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus. The top of the uterus can also be called the fundus of the uterus which is used to assess the growth and development of the fetus inside the womb.
3. When a 17 weeks pregnant lady goes to clinic to get an alpha-fetoprotein test. A low result indicates?
Answers: Hydatidiform mole, the gestational age of the baby is incorrect, Fetal trisomy 21 and fetal trisomy 18
Explanation: Alpha fetoprotein is made by the fetus.
Congenital abnormalities, the fetal trisomy 18 and fetal trisomy 21 are linked with low levels of this protein.
Hydatidiform mole is the growth inside the uterus or existence of an abnormal mass.
4. When a nurse is assessing a woman in labor, one can tell that fetal bradycardia occurs when the heart rate drops below?
Answer: 110 beats per minute
Explanation: Normal fetal heart rate is between 120 beats per minute and 160 beats per minute. Fetal bradycardia is when fetal heart rate drops below 110 beats per minute for 10 minutes or longer while fetal tachycardia is a heart rate above 160 beats per minute. Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions with Answers and Explanation
5. A lady presents for her first prenatal visit and the doctor orders a CBC (complete blood count). What is included in a CBC?
Answers: Hemoglobin, Platelets, White blood cells and Hematocrit
Explanation: Complete blood counts contain platelet counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit, white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts among many other measures. These are the most frequently ordered laboratory tests and the physician will use this information to diagnose conditions such as anemia.
6. A 21-year-old woman who is 32 years pregnant presented herself at the emergency room for severe vaginal bleeding. Examination found she is suffering from abruptio placentae. Which are likely assessment findings?
Answers: Shortness of breath, Small red dots on the skin, Decreasing blood pressure and Bleeding from oral mucosa
Explanation: Abruptio placentae is a serious condition where the placenta inappropriately and prematurely detaches from the uterus. Women with obstetric complications such as abruptio placentae can quickly develop clotting disorder in which the blood inappropriately clots also known as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Severe bleeding can also occur as clotting proteins become scarce. Symptoms of DIC include blood clots and bleeding into the tissues such as the skin and oral mucosa. Severe bleeding caused by the combination of DIC and abruptio placentae results to decreased blood pressure. Shortness of breath indicates the presence of a blood clot.
7. Which are risk factors for gestational diabetes?
Answer: Obesity, Previous stillbirth, Previous macrosomic infant, Family history of diabetes
Explanation: Gestational diabetes is a condition during pregnancy in which blood sugar levels become high. The risk factors include recurrent urinary tract infections, obesity, family history of diabetes, previous large infants (9lbs or greater than 4000g), history of gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, vaginitis, polyhydramnios, glycosuria or proteinuria on two or more occasions.
8. Where should the nurse assess the fetal heart rate (FHR) in a fetus positioned at left occiput anterior (LOA)?
Answers: Below umbilicus on mother’s left side
Explanation: The nurse must consider the location of the fetal back when considering where to hear fetal heart rate best. A fetus in LOA is in vertex presentation with the fetal occiput on the mother’s left side toward the front of her pelvis and weeks’ gestation or size may also effect the location of the best place to assess fetal heart rate. LOA or left occiput anterior, is the most common fetal lie. In LOA, Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions with Answers and Explanation the FHR is best heard below the umbilicus on the mother’s left side while a LOP (left occiput posterior), the FHR is best heard on the mother’s left side at the level of the umbilicus. In ROA (right occiput anterior): the mother’s right side below the umbilicus. In ROP (right occiput posterior): the mother’s right side at the level of the umbilicus. In LSA (left sacrum anterior) the mother’s left side above the umbilicus. In RSA (right sacrum anterior): the mother’s right side above the umbilicus.
9. Which is potentially life-threatening condition a pregnant individual with gestational hypertension, proteinuria and signs of liver or kidney dysfunction should be evaluated for?
Answers: Preeclampsia
Explanation: Preeclampsia occurs during pregnancy where there is a sudden rise in blood pressure. It is more common in weeks 32-40 and develops in 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is a potentially life-threatening disorder that includes gestational hypertension, proteinuria, edema, red-blood cell dysfunction and signs of liver or kidney dysfunction.
10. Preeclampsia develops into eclampsia at what point?
Answers: At the progression into seizures
Explanation: Preeclampsia is relatively rare and only affects approximately 1.2-1.8% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia develops into eclampsia at the onset of seizures. Seizures are tonic clonic and may appear during pregnancy, during labor or postpartum.
11. Miscarriages is likely to occur at what time?
Answer: 0-12 weeks
Explanation: Miscarriage is likely to occur during the first trimester, between 8 and 12 weeks. It may even occur before an individual is aware that they are pregnant. First trimester miscarriages are linked to chromosomal abnormalities while later miscarriages may be more likely in individuals with uterine malformations or cervical incompetence.
12. A nurse has assessed a newborn infant and noted that the infant appears to be jaundiced. This condition maybe caused by what? Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions with Answers and Explanation
Answers: The mother whose blood is Rh negative gave birth to her second Rh positive child and did not receive Rhogam during the pregnancy.
Explanation: Jaundice of a newborn is either pathologic or physiologic. Pathologic jaundice results from Rh incompatibility between the mother and the fetus and occurs during a subsequent birth after the mother’s blood has been exposed to the infant’s blood during the first birth. Rhogam is given to the mother to prevent her immune system from attacking the second fetus, causing erythroblastosis fetalis and subsequent pathological jaundice.
13. Which abortion is linked with sepsis, cramping, abdominal tenderness and an open cervical os?
Answer: Missed abortion
Explanation: Death of the fetus in utero but is not expelled from the uterus marks a missed abortion. If its left untreated it can lead to Obstetrics and Gynecological Conditions with Answers and Explanation infection in the womb and it is revealed by foul odor and bleeding as well raised up temperature and sepsis.