NCLEX questions and answers
NCLEX questions and answers
Through which arteriole does blood exit the glomerular capsule?
- Afferent
- Efferent
- Renal
- Interlobular
Answer: Efferent. Blood leaves the glomerular capsule via the efferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole is smaller in diameter than the afferent arteriole, thus increasing glomerular filtration pressure and hence blood pressure.
The group of modified cells lying adjacent to the afferent and efferent arterioles is called?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of a cluster of cells in the DCT and juxtaglomerular cells (modified cells of the afferent and sometimes efferent arteriole) which together stimulate secretion of the enzyme renin when blood pressure starts to fall NCLEX questions and answers.
The mucosa of the large intestine produces …………. secretions?
- Alkaline
- Acidic
- Neutral
- Both alkaline and acidic
Answer: Alkaline. These thick, alkaline secretions are produced by the goblet cells of the intestinal walls. They lubricate and neutralize the feces, easing their passage through the intestine and reducing erosion of the intestinal lining.
In the body, the liver is described as?
The liver is the heaviest organ (approximately 1.5 kg) and is second only to the skin in size.
Intrinsic factor is produced by which cells within the stomach?
- Mucous cells
- Chief cells
- Enteroendocrine cells
- Parietal cells
Answer: Parietal cells. Parietal or oxyntic cells also produce HCl. Intrinsic factor is an essential enzyme for the absorption of vitamin B12 known as an extrinsic factor, which is required for red blood cell formation.
The enzyme pepsin digests which dietary component?
- Protein
- Fat
- Carbohydrate
- Vitamins
Answer: Protein. The inactive precursor, pepsinogen, prevents pepsin from digesting the chief cells in the stomach which produce it. Pepsinogen is only converted to active pepsin when it comes into contact with active pepsin molecules or HCl.
The primary phase in the regulation of gastric secretion and motility is called?
Cephalic phase. The cephalic phase begins with reflexes stimulated by sensory receptors in the head in response to smell, taste or thoughts about food.
The exchange of gases between alveoli and their surrounding capillaries is called ……. respiration.
External. External respiration occurs between alveoli (where gas exchange occurs in the lungs) and the external atmosphere surrounding the body. Internal respiration occurs between the circulating blood and the body’s tissues.
The wandering phagocytes found in the alveoli are called?
Alveolar macrophages. NCLEX questions and answers Also known as ‘dust cells’, they remove dust and other debris from the alveoli by phagocytosis.
The pharynx is divided into how many sub-divisions?
- The pharynx can be divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
The two main factors for determining blood pressure are peripheral resistance and………..
Cardiac output. The cardiac output indicates how well the heart is performing its function of transporting blood to the cells. Cardiac output is primarily regulated by the cells’ demand for oxygen.
Which of the following is an example of a peptide hormone?
- Aldosterone
- Serotonin
- Gastrin
- Prostaglandins
Answer: Gastrin. Gastrin is a peptide hormone produced by the G cells in the stomach.
Which hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium absorption?
- Calcitonin
- Calcitriol
- Thyroxine
- Pancreatic polypeptide
Answer: Calcitriol. Calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, is produced from a precursor (calcifediol) in the cells of the proximal tubule of the nephron in the kidneys.
Melatonin is secreted by?
Answer: Pineal gland. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. Its secretion is reduced in response to strong sunlight.
Receptors are found all over the body and make us aware of the position and movement of the body in relation to its surrounding environment and body parts in relation to each other?
Proprioceptors. Proprioceptors are sense organs stimulated by body movement.
Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into how many lobes?
- The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres which are each further subdivided into four lobes. These lobes – frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes – are named after the cranial bones that lie over them.
Which of the following substances is not present in sweat?
- Urea
- Calcium
- Lactic acid
- Water
Answer: Calcium. Calcium is not a component of sweat but is excreted from the body in urine and feces.
The dermis contains which of the following?
- Blood vessels
- Sweat glands
- Sensory nerve endings
- Sebaceous glands
Answer: Sebaceous glands. Sebaceous (oil) glands originate NCLEX questions and answers in the dermis and are usually connected to hair follicles. Blood vessels and sensory nerve endings are typically found in the epidermis. Parts of the secretory glands are in the dermis but their secretory ducts open into the epidermis.
For active management of the third stage of labor the nurse should administer?
Oxytocin 10 units within 1 minute. Active management of the third stage of labor involves giving a prophylactic uterotonic, early cord clamping and controlled cord traction to deliver the placenta
In the human body, enzyme activity is most efficient at what temperature?
37°C. This is also known as ‘core body temperature’.
Cellular respiration is defined as:
An intracellular, energy-producing process. Respiration is the process by which a cell obtains oxygen, distributes it to the mitochondria, and uses it to break down sugars (such as glucose) to produce energy for the cell. The by-products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive. The AVPU scale an acronym from alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive is a system by which health care professional can measure and record patients’ level of consciousness.
Which of the following is a mental health nursing model?
- King
- Neumann
- Casey
- Peplau
Answer: Peplau. She was considered as the mother of psychiatric nursing.
The cognitive-developmental approach examines __.?
- The reasons for the onset of depression
- Intelligent behavior in children
- Professional socialization
- Onset of dementia
Answer: Intelligent behavior in children. Cognitive development means how children think, explore and figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, problem solving and dispositions, which help children to think about and understand the world around them.
Method of teaching in which an excursion to the patient’s area is arranged to provide a learning experience to the students is
- Case presentation
- Nursing rounds
- Morning report
- Process recording
Answer: Nursing rounds
The most abundant tissue in the human body is?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Answer: Connective Tissue.
In following which substance is not transported across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
- Fatty acids
- Oxygen
- Glucose
- Steroids
Answer: Glucose. It cannot cross the lipid bilayer via simple diffusion because it is both large and polar Nursing questions NCLEX.
The heart is developed from which embryonic structure?
Splanchnopleuric intraembryonic mesoderm. In the anatomy of an embryo, the splanchnopleuric mesenchyme is a structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesodermal germ layer splits into two layers.
Which year is declared as the Year of Nurses and midwives by WHO?
- The World Health Organization announced the year 2020 as the ‘Year of Nurses and Midwives. The year 2020 also commemorates the 200th birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale.
Medulla oblongata is also called?
Myelencephalon
Posterior cerebral artery is a branch of?
Basilar artery. The posterior arteries supply the temporal and occipital lobes of the left cerebral hemisphere and the right hemisphere.
Which of the following is not a clinical method of teaching?
- Case methods/case study
- Nursing rounds and reports
- Process recording
- Seminar
Answer: Seminar
Quality assurance is concerned with?
- Adequacy of care
- Practice ratings
- Standard of practice
- Organizational practice
Answer: Standard of practice. A quality assurance nurse evaluates nursing practices within a department to help maximize efficiency and optimize patient care. Their duties include suggesting and implementing changes, training nurses on new procedures, and ensuring state and hospital requirements are consistently followed.
The department that is responsible for maintaining copies of all records related to patients?
- Information System Department
- Medical Record Department
- Nursing Information system department
- Department of Hospital Information System
Answer: Medical record department
Deformity of……………bone resulting in sprengel’s shoulder?
- Scapula
- Radius
- Ulna
- Tibia
Answer: Scapula. Sprengels deformity is a complex anomaly that is associated with malposition and dysplasia of the scapula.
For assessing the gestational age of a preterm infant the nurse should use…………?
Breast bud size. The size of breast bud is an indication of gestational age. Small underdeveloped nipples indicate prematurity
Invertogram is used for the diagnosis of?
Invertogram is a specific diagnostic test done to find out anorectal malformations. Skiagram is used for the diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula.
ADHD is usually treated with?
Methylphenidate acts by stimulating the release Norepinephrine.
The type of delusion commonly seen in depression is/are?
- Delusion of poverty
- Delusion of Nihilism
- Delusion of persecution
- All the above
Answer: All the above-mentioned delusions are apparent in depression.
The priority nursing intervention for a client who is admitted with paranoid schizophrenia is?
- Establish a structured daily routine
- Plan a program of self-fulfillment.
- Provide patient and others with a safe environment
- Do a mini-mental status examination NCLEX questions and answers
Answer: Patient is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, so the priority nursing intervention is to provide a safe environment for patients and others.
The part of the mind that distinguishes right from wrong and acts as a censor of behavior is known as?
Super Ego. The id, ego, and superego are names for the three parts of the human personality which are part of Sigmund Freud psychoanalytic personality theory. The superego is the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates. The superego develops last and is based on morals and judgments about right and wrong NCLEX questions and answers.
An alcoholic client experiencing burning and tingling sensations of the feet. It is suggestive of?
Peripheral neuropathy, characterized by peripheral nerve damage, results in pain, burning, tingling, or prickly sensations of the extremities.
Smallpox vaccine was invented by?
Edward Jenner
Scotch tape swab is used to identify?
Pinworm. Pinworm ova are deposited around the anal orifice. Scotch tape test is done to check for pinworm infestation.
Amoebiasis is transmitted through?
Feco-oral. Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection of the intestines Amoebiasis is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route, but it can also be transmitted indirectly through contact with contaminated hands.
Maximum amount of vitamin D is found in which among the following?
- Liver
- Cheese
- Egg yolk
- Cod liver oil
Answer: Cod liver oil. The flesh of fatty fish (such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel) and fish liver oils are among the best sources. Small amounts of vitamin D are found in beef liver, cheese, and egg yolks. Dietary sources of vitamin D is habitual liver oil: 500-10000 ug/100gm
Phosphatase test is used for?
Test for efficacy of pasteurization of milk. Alkaline Phosphatase is an enzyme that is naturally present in milk but is destroyed at a temperature just near to the pasteurization temperature. Alkaline Phosphatase test is used to indicate whether milk has been adequately pasteurized or whether it has been contaminated with raw milk after pasteurization
3D’s (diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis) are the characteristic of which deficiency disorder?
Niacin. Niacin deficiency results in pellagra. It is characterized by 3Ds Diarrhea, Dermatitis, and Dementia.
Which of the following antitubercular drugs causes red-orange discoloration of urine?
- Isoniazid
- Streptomycin
- Ethambutol
- Rifampicin
Answer: Rifampicin. Rifampicin causes red orange discoloration of urine
Which of the following type of insulin is prescribed for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis?
- Long-acting insulin
- Lente insulin
- Human Regular insulin
- Human NPH insulin
Answer: Human Regular insulin. It acts rapidly and should be used for diabetic coma and diabetic ketoacidosis to achieve immediate action.
Imipramine is an antidepressant of which group?
Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) of the dibenzoazepine group. Imipramine is mainly used in the treatment of major depression and enuresis.
The priority nursing diagnosis for the client with a tracheostomy is?
Ineffective airway clearance related to increased tracheobronchial secretions. Ineffective airway clearance is the priority nursing diagnosis for the patient with a tracheostomy tube in place because it is important to maintain airway clearance from tracheobronchial secretions. The ABC (airway, breathing and circulation) protocol assists the nurse to prioritize airway clearance NCLEX questions and answers.
Absence of bowel sounds and abdominal distention after abdominal surgery indicates?
Paralytic ileus. It is the occurrence of intestinal blockage in the absence of an actual physical obstruction. A temporary paralysis of a portion of the intestines occurs typically after an abdominal surgery
Unwanted but unavoidable pharmacodynamics effects of a drug at the therapeutic dose is known as?
Side effects.: Side effects are undesired but often unavoidable pharmacodynamics effects that occur at a therapeutic dose. Idiosyncrasy refers to an individual peculiar sensitivity to a drug. Drug intolerance is defined as a lower threshold to the normal pharmacologic action of a drug.
Parkinson’s disease is caused by the deficiency of which of the following neurotransmitters?
- Acetylcholine
- Dopamine
- GABA
- Serotonin
Answer: Dopamine: Parkinsons disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system mainly affecting the motor system. Parkinsons disease is primarily caused by low and falling dopamine levels.